文章

Android广播机制

Posted 2021-11-23 Updated 2023-07- 5
By 我不是罗大锤
39~50 min read

每个应用都可以对自己感兴趣的广播进行注册，这样应用只会收到自己已经注册的广播，广播可能源于系统或其他应用。

  1. 标准广播（normal broadcasts)
    完全异步，广播发出后所有BroadcastReceiver几乎会在同一时刻收到，因此没有先后顺序可言，效率比较高，但是它是无法被截断的。
  2. 有序广播（ordered broadcasts）
    同步执行，广播发出后同时刻只有一个BroadcastReceiver能够收到，只有在当前BroadcastReceiver处理完成并且没有截断广播的情况下才会继续传递，因此此时BroadcastReceiver是有先后顺序的，优先级越高就会越早收到。

一、动态注册接收系统广播——监听时间变化

Android内置了很多系统级别的广播，如开机、电量变化、时间变化等等。

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    lateinit var timeChangeReceiver : TimeChangeReceiver
    override fun onCreate(...) {
        ...
        val intentFilter = IntentFilter()
        // 添加要监听的广播
        intentFilter.addAction("android.intent.action.TIME_TICK")
        timeChangeReceiver = TimeChangeReceiver()
        // 注册广播
        registerReceiver(timeChangeReceiver, intentFilter)
    }
    
    override fun onDestroy() {
        ...
        // 别忘了注销广播，动态注册一定要注销
        unregisterReceiver(timeChangeReceiver)
    }
    
    inner class TimeChangeReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
        override fun onReceive(...) {
            //收到广播后逻辑
        }
    }
}

二、静态注册实现开机启动

静态注册可以在软件未启动时接收广播，Android8.0之后隐式广播不允许静态注册（指定接收者除外），大部分系统广播都是隐式，部分特殊系统广播仍可以静态注册，详见：地址

  1. 快速创建BroadcastRece（静态）
    1. 右击包名 -> New -> Other -> BroadcastReceiver。
    2. 勾选Exported与Enabled，分别表示是否接受外部广播和是否启用。
  2. 在AndroidManife.xml中注册静态广播
<manifest ...>
    <!-- 敏感操作必须进行权限声明，否则程序崩溃 -->
    <uses-permission 
        android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    <application ...>
        <receiver ...>
            <intent-filter>
                <!-- 监听开机启动广播 -->
                <action android:name="android.intent.aciton.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest>

注册完成广播后在相应的BroadcastReceiver类中处理响应事件即可。

三、发送广播——标准广播

val intent = Intent("com.example.test.MY_BROADCAST")
// 指定接收广播应用包名，防止静态注册接收不到（非必须）
intent.setPackage(packageName)
// 发送标准广播
sendBroadcast(intent)

四、发送广播——有序广播

val intent = Intent("com.example.test.MY_BROADCAST")
// 发送有序广播，第二个参数是权限相关字符串，null即可
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null)

五、截断有序广播

// 在BroadcastReceiver中接收到有序广播后调用方法即可截断
abortBroadcast()

六、完整系统广播列表地址

<Android SDK>/platforms/<任意版本 API>/data/broadcast_action.txt

七、Android-30的所有系统广播列表地址

android.accounts.LOGIN_ACCOUNTS_CHANGED
android.accounts.action.ACCOUNT_REMOVED
android.app.action.ACTION_PASSWORD_CHANGED
android.app.action.ACTION_PASSWORD_EXPIRING
android.app.action.ACTION_PASSWORD_FAILED
android.app.action.ACTION_PASSWORD_SUCCEEDED
android.app.action.AFFILIATED_PROFILE_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_COMPLETE
android.app.action.APPLICATION_DELEGATION_SCOPES_CHANGED
android.app.action.APP_BLOCK_STATE_CHANGED
android.app.action.AUTOMATIC_ZEN_RULE_STATUS_CHANGED
android.app.action.BUGREPORT_FAILED
android.app.action.BUGREPORT_SHARE
android.app.action.BUGREPORT_SHARING_DECLINED
android.app.action.DATA_SHARING_RESTRICTION_APPLIED
android.app.action.DATA_SHARING_RESTRICTION_CHANGED
android.app.action.DEVICE_ADMIN_DISABLED
android.app.action.DEVICE_ADMIN_DISABLE_REQUESTED
android.app.action.DEVICE_ADMIN_ENABLED
android.app.action.DEVICE_OWNER_CHANGED
android.app.action.INTERRUPTION_FILTER_CHANGED
android.app.action.INTERRUPTION_FILTER_CHANGED_INTERNAL
android.app.action.LOCK_TASK_ENTERING
android.app.action.LOCK_TASK_EXITING
android.app.action.MANAGED_USER_CREATED
android.app.action.NETWORK_LOGS_AVAILABLE
android.app.action.NEXT_ALARM_CLOCK_CHANGED
android.app.action.NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_BLOCK_STATE_CHANGED
android.app.action.NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_GROUP_BLOCK_STATE_CHANGED
android.app.action.NOTIFICATION_POLICY_ACCESS_GRANTED_CHANGED
android.app.action.NOTIFICATION_POLICY_CHANGED
android.app.action.NOTIFY_PENDING_SYSTEM_UPDATE
android.app.action.PROFILE_OWNER_CHANGED
android.app.action.PROFILE_PROVISIONING_COMPLETE
android.app.action.SECURITY_LOGS_AVAILABLE
android.app.action.SYSTEM_UPDATE_POLICY_CHANGED
android.app.action.TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_COMPLETE
android.app.action.USER_ADDED
android.app.action.USER_REMOVED
android.app.action.USER_STARTED
android.app.action.USER_STOPPED
android.app.action.USER_SWITCHED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_DELETED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_DISABLED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_ENABLED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_HOST_RESTORED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_RESTORED
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE
android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE_OPTIONS
android.bluetooth.a2dp.profile.action.ACTIVE_DEVICE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.a2dp.profile.action.AVRCP_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.a2dp.profile.action.CODEC_CONFIG_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.a2dp.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.a2dp.profile.action.PLAYING_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.DISCOVERY_FINISHED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.DISCOVERY_STARTED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.LOCAL_NAME_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.SCAN_MODE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.adapter.action.STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_CONNECTED
android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_DISCONNECTED
android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_DISCONNECT_REQUESTED
android.bluetooth.device.action.ALIAS_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.BATTERY_LEVEL_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.BOND_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.CLASS_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.CONNECTION_ACCESS_CANCEL
android.bluetooth.device.action.CONNECTION_ACCESS_REPLY
android.bluetooth.device.action.CONNECTION_ACCESS_REQUEST
android.bluetooth.device.action.FOUND
android.bluetooth.device.action.MAS_INSTANCE
android.bluetooth.device.action.NAME_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.NAME_FAILED
android.bluetooth.device.action.PAIRING_CANCEL
android.bluetooth.device.action.PAIRING_REQUEST
android.bluetooth.device.action.SDP_RECORD
android.bluetooth.device.action.SILENCE_MODE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.device.action.UUID
android.bluetooth.devicepicker.action.DEVICE_SELECTED
android.bluetooth.devicepicker.action.LAUNCH
android.bluetooth.headset.action.VENDOR_SPECIFIC_HEADSET_EVENT
android.bluetooth.headset.profile.action.ACTIVE_DEVICE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.headset.profile.action.AUDIO_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.headset.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.ACTIVE_DEVICE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.hiddevice.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.HANDSHAKE
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.IDLE_TIME_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.PROTOCOL_MODE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.REPORT
android.bluetooth.input.profile.action.VIRTUAL_UNPLUG_STATUS
android.bluetooth.pan.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.bluetooth.pbap.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED
android.content.pm.action.SESSION_COMMITTED
android.content.pm.action.SESSION_UPDATED
android.hardware.action.NEW_PICTURE
android.hardware.action.NEW_VIDEO
android.hardware.hdmi.action.OSD_MESSAGE
android.hardware.input.action.QUERY_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS
android.hardware.usb.action.USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED
android.hardware.usb.action.USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED
android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED
android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_DETACHED
android.intent.action.ACTION_IDLE_MAINTENANCE_END
android.intent.action.ACTION_IDLE_MAINTENANCE_START
android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED
android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED
android.intent.action.ACTION_PREFERRED_ACTIVITY_CHANGED
android.intent.action.ACTION_SHUTDOWN
android.intent.action.AIRPLANE_MODE
android.intent.action.ALARM_CHANGED
android.intent.action.APPLICATION_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED
android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED
android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW
android.intent.action.BATTERY_OKAY
android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED
android.intent.action.CALL_DISCONNECT_CAUSE
android.intent.action.CAMERA_BUTTON
android.intent.action.CANCEL_ENABLE_ROLLBACK
android.intent.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE
android.intent.action.CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS
android.intent.action.CONFIGURATION_CHANGED
android.intent.action.CONTENT_CHANGED
android.intent.action.DATA_SMS_RECEIVED
android.intent.action.DATA_STALL_DETECTED
android.intent.action.DATE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.DEVICE_STORAGE_FULL
android.intent.action.DEVICE_STORAGE_LOW
android.intent.action.DEVICE_STORAGE_NOT_FULL
android.intent.action.DEVICE_STORAGE_OK
android.intent.action.DISTRACTING_PACKAGES_CHANGED
android.intent.action.DOCK_EVENT
android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE
android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED
android.intent.action.DREAMING_STARTED
android.intent.action.DREAMING_STOPPED
android.intent.action.DROPBOX_ENTRY_ADDED
android.intent.action.DYNAMIC_SENSOR_CHANGED
android.intent.action.EMERGENCY_CALLBACK_MODE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.EMERGENCY_CALL_STATE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE
android.intent.action.EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_UNAVAILABLE
android.intent.action.FACTORY_RESET
android.intent.action.FETCH_VOICEMAIL
android.intent.action.GTALK_CONNECTED
android.intent.action.GTALK_DISCONNECTED
android.intent.action.HEADSET_PLUG
android.intent.action.HEADSET_PLUG
android.intent.action.INPUT_METHOD_CHANGED
android.intent.action.INTENT_FILTER_NEEDS_VERIFICATION
android.intent.action.LOCALE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.intent.action.MANAGE_PACKAGE_STORAGE
android.intent.action.MASTER_CLEAR_NOTIFICATION
android.intent.action.MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL
android.intent.action.MEDIA_BUTTON
android.intent.action.MEDIA_CHECKING
android.intent.action.MEDIA_EJECT
android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED
android.intent.action.MEDIA_NOFS
android.intent.action.MEDIA_REMOVED
android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_FINISHED
android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE
android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_STARTED
android.intent.action.MEDIA_SHARED
android.intent.action.MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE
android.intent.action.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED
android.intent.action.MY_PACKAGE_REPLACED
android.intent.action.MY_PACKAGE_SUSPENDED
android.intent.action.MY_PACKAGE_UNSUSPENDED
android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL
android.intent.action.NEW_VOICEMAIL
android.intent.action.PACKAGES_SUSPENDED
android.intent.action.PACKAGES_UNSUSPENDED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_DATA_CLEARED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ENABLE_ROLLBACK
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_FIRST_LAUNCH
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_FULLY_REMOVED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_INSTALL
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_NEEDS_INTEGRITY_VERIFICATION
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_NEEDS_VERIFICATION
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REPLACED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_RESTARTED
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_UNSUSPENDED_MANUALLY
android.intent.action.PACKAGE_VERIFIED
android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE
android.intent.action.PROVIDER_CHANGED
android.intent.action.PROXY_CHANGE
android.intent.action.QUERY_PACKAGE_RESTART
android.intent.action.REBOOT
android.intent.action.ROLLBACK_COMMITTED
android.intent.action.SCREEN_OFF
android.intent.action.SCREEN_ON
android.intent.action.SERVICE_STATE
android.intent.action.SIM_STATE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.SPLIT_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED
android.intent.action.SUB_DEFAULT_CHANGED
android.intent.action.TIMEZONE_CHANGED
android.intent.action.TIME_SET
android.intent.action.TIME_TICK
android.intent.action.UID_REMOVED
android.intent.action.UMS_CONNECTED
android.intent.action.UMS_DISCONNECTED
android.intent.action.USER_PRESENT
android.intent.action.USER_UNLOCKED
android.intent.action.WALLPAPER_CHANGED
android.media.ACTION_SCO_AUDIO_STATE_UPDATED
android.media.AUDIO_BECOMING_NOISY
android.media.INTERNAL_RINGER_MODE_CHANGED_ACTION
android.media.MASTER_MUTE_CHANGED_ACTION
android.media.RINGER_MODE_CHANGED
android.media.SCO_AUDIO_STATE_CHANGED
android.media.STREAM_DEVICES_CHANGED_ACTION
android.media.STREAM_MUTE_CHANGED_ACTION
android.media.VIBRATE_SETTING_CHANGED
android.media.VOLUME_CHANGED_ACTION
android.media.action.CLOSE_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION
android.media.action.HDMI_AUDIO_PLUG
android.media.action.MICROPHONE_MUTE_CHANGED
android.media.action.OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION
android.media.action.SPEAKERPHONE_STATE_CHANGED
android.media.tv.action.CHANNEL_BROWSABLE_REQUESTED
android.media.tv.action.INITIALIZE_PROGRAMS
android.media.tv.action.PREVIEW_PROGRAM_ADDED_TO_WATCH_NEXT
android.media.tv.action.PREVIEW_PROGRAM_BROWSABLE_DISABLED
android.media.tv.action.WATCH_NEXT_PROGRAM_BROWSABLE_DISABLED
android.net.conn.BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED
android.net.conn.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_TEST_COMPLETED
android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE
android.net.conn.DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE
android.net.conn.INET_CONDITION_ACTION
android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED
android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED
android.net.nsd.STATE_CHANGED
android.net.scoring.SCORER_CHANGED
android.net.scoring.SCORE_NETWORKS
android.net.sip.action.SIP_CALL_OPTION_CHANGED
android.net.sip.action.SIP_INCOMING_CALL
android.net.sip.action.SIP_REMOVE_PROFILE
android.net.sip.action.SIP_SERVICE_UP
android.net.sip.action.START_SIP
android.net.wifi.BATCHED_RESULTS
android.net.wifi.NETWORK_IDS_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.RSSI_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.SCAN_RESULTS
android.net.wifi.STATE_CHANGE
android.net.wifi.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.action.WIFI_NETWORK_SUGGESTION_POST_CONNECTION
android.net.wifi.action.WIFI_SCAN_AVAILABILITY_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.aware.action.WIFI_AWARE_STATE_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.p2p.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGE
android.net.wifi.p2p.DISCOVERY_STATE_CHANGE
android.net.wifi.p2p.PEERS_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.p2p.STATE_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.p2p.THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.rtt.action.WIFI_RTT_STATE_CHANGED
android.net.wifi.supplicant.CONNECTION_CHANGE
android.net.wifi.supplicant.STATE_CHANGE
android.nfc.action.ADAPTER_STATE_CHANGED
android.nfc.action.PREFERRED_PAYMENT_CHANGED
android.nfc.action.TRANSACTION_DETECTED
android.os.action.ACTION_EFFECTS_SUPPRESSOR_CHANGED
android.os.action.DEVICE_IDLE_MODE_CHANGED
android.os.action.LIGHT_DEVICE_IDLE_MODE_CHANGED
android.os.action.POWER_SAVE_MODE_CHANGED
android.os.action.POWER_SAVE_MODE_CHANGED_INTERNAL
android.os.action.POWER_SAVE_MODE_CHANGING
android.os.action.POWER_SAVE_TEMP_WHITELIST_CHANGED
android.os.action.POWER_SAVE_WHITELIST_CHANGED
android.os.action.UPDATE_EMERGENCY_NUMBER_DB
android.provider.Telephony.MMS_DOWNLOADED
android.provider.Telephony.SECRET_CODE
android.provider.Telephony.SIM_FULL
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_CARRIER_PROVISION
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_CB_RECEIVED
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_DELIVER
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_REJECTED
android.provider.Telephony.SMS_SERVICE_CATEGORY_PROGRAM_DATA_RECEIVED
android.provider.Telephony.WAP_PUSH_DELIVER
android.provider.Telephony.WAP_PUSH_RECEIVED
android.provider.action.DEFAULT_SMS_PACKAGE_CHANGED
android.provider.action.EXTERNAL_PROVIDER_CHANGE
android.provider.action.SMS_EMERGENCY_CB_RECEIVED
android.provider.action.SMS_MMS_DB_CREATED
android.provider.action.SMS_MMS_DB_LOST
android.provider.action.SYNC_VOICEMAIL
android.security.STORAGE_CHANGED
android.security.action.KEYCHAIN_CHANGED
android.security.action.KEY_ACCESS_CHANGED
android.security.action.TRUST_STORE_CHANGED
android.service.controls.action.ADD_CONTROL
android.settings.ENABLE_MMS_DATA_REQUEST
android.speech.tts.TTS_QUEUE_PROCESSING_COMPLETED
android.speech.tts.engine.TTS_DATA_INSTALLED
android.telephony.action.AREA_INFO_UPDATED
android.telephony.action.DEFAULT_SMS_SUBSCRIPTION_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.PRIMARY_SUBSCRIPTION_LIST_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.REFRESH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLANS
android.telephony.action.SECRET_CODE
android.telephony.action.SERVICE_PROVIDERS_UPDATED
android.telephony.action.SIM_APPLICATION_STATE_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.SIM_CARD_STATE_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.SIM_SLOT_STATUS_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.SUBSCRIPTION_CARRIER_IDENTITY_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.SUBSCRIPTION_PLANS_CHANGED
android.telephony.action.SUBSCRIPTION_SPECIFIC_CARRIER_IDENTITY_CHANGED
android.telephony.euicc.action.NOTIFY_CARRIER_SETUP_INCOMPLETE
android.telephony.euicc.action.OTA_STATUS_CHANGED
android.telephony.ims.action.WFC_IMS_REGISTRATION_ERROR
com.android.intent.action.DISMISS_KEYBOARD_SHORTCUTS
com.android.intent.action.SHOW_KEYBOARD_SHORTCUTS
com.android.internal.intent.action.ACTION_FORBIDDEN_NO_SERVICE_AUTHORIZATION
com.android.internal.provider.action.VOICEMAIL_SMS_RECEIVED
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